" stanch "

[Verb]  | "stanch" | \ ˈstȯnch \

1: to check or stop the flowing of; also : to stop the flow of blood from (a wound)

2: to stop or check in its course

3: to make watertight : stop up

Origin: 14th century ;

 Middle English staunchen, stanchen, staungen (transitive) "to stop (blood from flowing), alleviate (pain, distress), put out (fire), quell, overcome," (intransitive) "(of blood, diarrhea) to stop flowing, (of a wound) stop bleeding, (of water) stand still, stop flowing," borrowed from Anglo-French estancher, estauncher (also continental Old & Middle French), probably going back to Vulgar Latin *stanticāre "to stop (the flow of a liquid), stop, check, hinder," from stant-, stans, present participle of stāre "to stand" + -icāre, verb formative {mat|stand:1|};

  * Note : As with other loans from Anglo-French having a tautosyllabic nasal consonant before a dental, there was variation between a diphthong and a simple vowel in the Middle English outcome; note {staunch:1|staunch:1} from the same etymon, and compare {branch:1|branch:1}, {haunch|haunch}, {launch:1|launch:1}. — The Romance etymon behind estancher (Modern French étancher "to stanch, quench, stop up") is widely attested—compare with similar meaning Old Occitan, Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese estancar, along with Italian stancare "to tire," stanco "tired," mano stanca (Dante) "left hand," Romanian stânc "left(-handed)." Alongside these are a set of words without initial ()s-, which may have been taken as a prefix: Catalan tancar "to close," Old Occitan tancar "to bar (a door)," and Occitan (Provence) tancá "to stop (a wheel with a wedge)"; see: also {pétanque|petanque}. The etymology tracing these to Vulgar Latin *stanticāre, a verbalization of Latin aqua stans "standing water," was apparently first suggested by G. Tillander (Remarques sur le Roman de Renart, Gothenburg, 1923, pp. 52-60). J. Coromines (Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico) objected strongly to this hypothesis, on the grounds that loss of the pretonic vowel would have resulted in *estanxar in Catalan and *estanchar in Occitan, and that in Italian the vowel would not have been lost at all. The rejoinder has been made that cases of later syncope in Italian can be found, and that there is variability in the timing of syncope in Occitan and Catalan.;

[Verb]  | "staunch" | \ ˈstȯnch \

1: to check or stop the flowing of; also : to stop the flow of blood from (a wound)

2: to stop or check in its course

3: to make watertight : stop up

[Adjective]  | "stanch" | \ ˈstȯnch \

1: steadfast in loyalty or principle

2: watertight, sound

3: strongly built : substantial

[Adjective]  | "staunch" | \ ˈstȯnch \

1: steadfast in loyalty or principle

2: watertight, sound

3: strongly built : substantial

Origin: 15th century ;

 Middle English staunche, stanch "watertight, solidly made, in good repair," borrowed from Anglo-French estanc, feminine estaunche "stanched (of blood), watertight," derivative of estancher "to stop (blood from flowing), (of a wound) stop bleeding, (of water) be stanched, dry up" {mat|stanch:1|};

[Verb]  | "stanch" 

[Adjective]  | "staunch"