" schizophrenias "

[Noun]  | "schizo*phre*nia" | \ ˌskit-sə-ˈfrē-nē-ə \

1: a mental illness that is characterized by disturbances in thought (such as delusions), perception (such as hallucinations), and behavior (such as disorganized speech or catatonic behavior), by a loss of emotional responsiveness and extreme apathy, and by noticeable deterioration in the level of functioning in everyday life

2: contradictory or antagonistic qualities or attitudes

Origin: 1908 ;

 Borrowed from German Schizophrenie, from schizo- {see: |schizo-|schizo-} + Greek phren-, phrḗn "midriff, seat of the passions, mind, wits" + German -ie {see: |-ia:1|-ia:1}, after Hebephrenie {see: |hebephrenia|hebephrenia}, Paraphrenie "mental illness with delusional symptoms" {mat|frenetic|} ;

  * Note : The German term was introduced by the Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler (1857-1939) in a lecture, "Die Prognose der Dementia Praecox (Schizophreniegruppe)," given at the annual meeting of the Deutsche Verein für Psychiatrie (German Union for Psychiatry) in Berlin on April 24, 1908. The text of the lecture, augmented by restorations abbreviated from the oral presentation, was published in the Allgemeine Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie und psychisch-gerichtliche Medizin, 56. Band (1908), pp. 436-64. The word is introduced in Bleuler's opening remarks: "Im Interesse der Diskussion möchte ich nochmals hervorheben, dass es sich bei dem Kräpelinschen Dementia praecox weder um eine notwendige Dementia, noch um eine notwendige Praecocitas handelt. Aus diesem Grunde und weil man von dem Ausdruck Dementia praecox keine adjektivischen und substantivischen Weiterbildungen machen kann, erlaube ich mir, hier das Wort Schizophrenie zur Bezeichnung des Kräpelinschen Begriffes zu benützen. Ich glaube nämlich, dass die Zerreissung oder Spaltung der psychischen Funktionen ein hervorragendes Symptom der ganzen Gruppe sei, und werde dies am anderen Orte begründen." ("In the interests of discussion I would like to emphasize once again that Kraepelin's dementia praecox is neither necessarily a form of dementia, nor a matter of early onset. On this basis, and because it is not possible to derive further adjectives or nouns from the expression dementia praecox, I allow myself here to employ the word schizophrenia to designate Kraepelin's concept. I believe that the tearing apart or splitting of psychic functions is a prominent symptom of the whole group, as I will substantiate elsewhere.") — The pronunciation of -z- as /ts/ presumably reflects the influence of the German source.;

[Noun]  | "paranoid schizophrenia" 

1: schizophrenia characterized especially by delusions of persecution, grandiosity, or jealousy and by hallucinations (such as hearing voices) chiefly of an auditory nature

Origin: 1940 ;

[Noun]  | "schizophrenia"